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What funds can be used for a down payment?

Buying a home is a huge milestone but saving for a down payment – that can feel like a major hurdle. The good news? There are several ways to make that down payment happen, whether through savings, family gifts, 401(k) withdrawals, or even second mortgages. Understanding your options is key, and we’re here to help you explore what’s possible. So, let’s unpack the different ways you can fund your down payment.

Who can gift money for a mortgage down payment (and how does it work)?

Many homebuyers rely on gifted money to help cover their down payment, and that’s totally OK! But before you start collecting checks, it’s important to know where the money can come from and what the rules are.

In most cases, the gift needs to come from:

  • Immediate family members: Parents, siblings, and grandparents can gift money toward your down payment.
  • Relatives by marriage: In-laws can sometimes help out, too.
  • Legal guardians or close friends: As long as it’s appropriately documented, these individuals can give you a hand with the down payment.

Lenders will want proof that the money is truly a gift and not something you’ll need to pay back later. That means the person gifting the money might have to write a letter confirming that it’s a gift with no strings attached. Keep in mind that each loan program has its own rules about who can gift money, so be sure to check with your mortgage loan lender.

Can you use 401(k) for a down payment?

Thinking about using your 401(k) to fund a down payment*? It’s possible, and there are a couple of ways to go about it, both with pros and cons.

  • 401(k) Loan: You can typically borrow up to $50,000 or 50% of your vested balance (whichever is less). The good news is you’re borrowing from yourself, and you’ll repay the loan over five years—with interest.
  • 401(k) Early Withdrawal: You can also withdraw the money, but here’s the catch – if you’re under 59 ½, you’ll likely face a 10% penalty, plus income taxes on what you withdraw.

While tapping into your 401(k) gives you quick access to cash, it’s important to remember that it could affect your retirement savings down the line. Make sure it’s the right move for your financial future before committing.

Can you take a second mortgage for a down payment?

Yes, you can. Some homebuyers take out a second mortgage to cover their down payment. If you’ve built up equity in your current home, you can use that equity as a down payment on a new property. This approach might not be very common, but it’s a good option for those who already have significant equity and don’t want to dip into their savings.

Just remember, managing two mortgages requires some serious planning. It’s not something to rush into, but if it works for your situation, it can help you keep your savings intact while securing a new home.

Are there any down payment assistance programs?

For first-time homebuyers or those with limited savings, down payment assistance programs can provide valuable financial support. These programs, often offered by state and local governments, are designed to help buyers who may struggle to afford a down payment on their own.

One common form of assistance is known as a “forgivable second mortgage.” While it’s structured similarly to a second mortgage, this loan is different from traditional second mortgages because it doesn’t require existing equity in a property. In fact, first-time homebuyers can qualify for this assistance even if they haven’t owned a home before.

Here’s how it works: The program gives you a loan to help cover your down payment, and if you meet certain conditions–such as living in the home for a set number of years–the loan may be forgiven, meaning you don’t have to repay it. This makes it an attractive option for first-time buyers who might otherwise struggle to gather the full down payment amount.

These programs are typically aimed at:

  • First-time homebuyers
  • Low-to-moderate income families
  • Buyers in certain geographic areas, often targeted for revitalization

It’s worth exploring the various assistance programs available in your area to see if you qualify for a forgivable second mortgage. This can be a great way to reduce the financial burden of homeownership without taking on additional debt.

What are some other sources of funds for a down payment?

Beyond gifts, 401(k) funds, and second mortgages, there are other common ways to secure your down payment:

  • Personal savings: The classic option. Using your personal savings gives you full control, and no repayment or taxes are involved.
  • Trust funds: If you’re fortunate enough to have access to a trust fund, it can be a great way to cover your down payment without needing to repay the money.
  • Sale of investments: If you have investments like stocks or bonds, selling them for a down payment is another option. Just remember to factor in any capital gains taxes, and consider what selling those investments might mean for your long-term financial goals.

Summary of down payment options

There’s no one-size-fits-all when it comes to funding a down payment. It’s all about what works best for your financial situation. Here’s a quick recap:

Gifts from family members Great for first-time homebuyers who need a little help gathering funds. Be sure to document everything for your lender.
401(k) loans or withdrawals You can borrow from your retirement savings or withdraw funds early, but each option comes with its own risks and rewards.
Second mortgage If you've got equity in your current home, you can use it for a new down payment without dipping into savings. Just remember, you'll have two mortgages to manage.
Forgivable Second Mortgage - (Down payment assistance programs) Many state and local programs offer down payment assistance, sometimes in the form of a forgivable second mortgage. These programs are designed to help lower-income or first-time homebuyers.
Personal savings and investments Using your own savings or selling investments is always an option, but it's important to think about how it affects your long-term financial plan.

The best approach is the one that fits your needs and goals. If you’re unsure, consulting with a mortgage loan officer can help you decide which path to take.

Differences between loan programs

Different loan programs have different rules about down payment sources, so it’s important to know what’s allowed for each one. Here’s a quick breakdown:

  • Conventional loans: Conventional loans tend to be stricter. You can use personal savings, gifts from immediate family members, or proceeds from investments. Second mortgages are sometimes allowed but can come with restrictions.
  • FHA loans: FHA loans are much more flexible. You can use gifts from family, friends, employers, and even charities. Second mortgages are also an option in some cases, especially with down payment assistance programs.
  • VA loans: If you’re eligible for a VA loan, you’ve got some of the best perks out there – most VA loans don’t require a down payment at all. But if you need one, gifts from family members are allowed.
  • USDA loans: USDA loans, often used in rural areas, usually don’t require a down payment. If a down payment is needed, personal savings and gifted funds are acceptable sources.

Want our help navigating the down payment process?

At Guild Mortgage, we know buying a home is a big deal, and we’re here to help you explore all your down payment options. Whether you’re considering using your 401(k), receiving a gift, or taking out a second mortgage, we’ll guide you through the process and help you make the best decision for your financial future. You don’t have to do it alone – we’ve got your back every step of the way.

Ready to take the first step toward homeownership? Connect with a loan officer today, and let’s get started!

The above information is for educational purposes only. All information, loan programs and interest rates are subject to change without notice. All loans subject to underwriter approval. Terms and conditions apply. Always consult an accountant or tax advisor for full eligibility requirements on tax deduction.

*Source: https://www.irs.gov/retirement-plans/retirement-plans-faqs-regarding-loans

By |Published On: September 26th, 2024|Categories: Hot topics, Lifestyle, Mortgage 101|

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About the Author: Guild Mortgage

Founded in 1960 when the modern U.S. mortgage industry was just forming, Guild Mortgage Company is a nationally recognized independent mortgage lender providing residential mortgage products and local in-house origination and servicing. Guild’s collaborative culture and commitment to diversity and inclusion enable it to deliver a personalized experience for each customer. With more than 4,000 employees and over 250 retail branches, Guild has relationships with credit unions, community banks, and other financial institutions and services loans in 49 states and the District of Columbia. Guild’s highly trained loan professionals are experienced in government-sponsored programs such as FHA, VA, USDA, down payment assistance programs and other specialized loan programs. Guild Mortgage Company is a wholly owned subsidiary of Guild Holdings Company, whose shares of Class A common stock trade on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol GHLD.